Abstract
This chapter discusses the concept of phase equilibria using composition as a variable. In doing so, temperature is kept constant and the effect of composition (usually mole fraction) is seen on the equilibrium pressure (or pressure on the equilibrium mole fraction); or the pressure constant is held and the relationship between temperature and mole fraction is described. The key to the study of phase equilibria is the phase diagram, interpreted by the phase rule and the Clapeyron equation. The chapter, first, describes the (vapor + liquid) equilibria and (liquid + liquid) equilibria, with the extension to the critical region designated as (fluid + fluid) equilibria. It also discusses (solid + liquid) equilibria, along with systems in which several kinds of equilibria occur at the same time
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