Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has now been used to treat more than 25,000 patients with malignant and non-malignant disorders in a setting of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. These have taken all place since the first CB transplant occurred in October 1988 in Paris, France with cells tested and frozen in my laboratory and hand-delivered to Paris. While there are advantages to using CB as a source of HSCs, the disadvantages include slower time to neutrophil, platelet, and immune cell recovery. This chapter reviews recent efforts to enhance the engrafting capability of CB cells through double CB transplantation, and methods to enhance the homing and engraftment of the limited number of cells present in a single CB transplantation. The length of time CB has been cryopreserved form and efficiently recovered with functional capability is now more than 23 years. Retrieved CB cells are also capable of generating induced pluripotent stem cells and endothelial colony-forming cells of high proliferative activity. Efforts to make CB a more efficient and efficacious source of transplantable cells continue.
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