Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has now been used to treat more than 25,000 patients with malignant and non–malignant disorders in a setting of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. While there are advantages to using CB as a source of HSCs, disadvantages include slower time to neutrophil, platelet, and immune cell recovery. This updated chapter reviews recent efforts to enhance the engrafting capability of CB cells through double CB transplantation, and via means to enhance the homing and engraftment of the limited number of cells present in single CB transplantation such as through the inhibition of the cell surface enzyme CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase IV. The length of time CB has been stored frozen in cryopreserved form and efficiently recovered with intact functional capability is now more than 23 years. These retrieved CB cells are also capable of generating induced pluripotent stem cells and endothelial colony forming cells of high proliferative activity. Efforts to make CB cells a more efficient and effacious source of transplantable cells continues.
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