Abstract
Developmental biology seeks to define the genetics and biochemistry of cell growth and differentiation and the three-dimensional patterning of a complex organism. Principles of development are a context for understanding both disease progression and regeneration. Stem cells are the subject of this, so logically, one would want to discuss the embryonic kidney with respect to pluripotent renal stem cells and how they differentiate to form an adult kidney. Unfortunately, no such renal embryonic stem (ES) cells have been conclusively identified. The kidney develops from a region of the embryo, over a relatively long window of time, while undergoing a sequential anterior to posterior transition that reflects in part the evolutionary history of the organ. At what stage are cells fated to become kidney cells, and when are they restricted in their developmental potential? To address these issues, it is necessary to review the early morphogenesis of the urogenital system.
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