Abstract
Optical sensors have emerged as a suitable platform to monitor health parameters in a personalized fashion and they have the potential to revolutionize the way cancer is diagnosed and treated. Fluorescence readouts are particularly interesting for sensing applications as the changes in intensity or wavelength of light emitted after excitation with higher energy photons can be linked quantitatively to the presence or absence of a target analyte. In this chapter, we present principles of small molecule and nanoparticle-based biosensors with an optical (fluorescence or absorbance) readout and provide an overview of their applications for the detection of cancer biomarkers in bodily fluids, cells, and tissues. A number of recent promising developments are highlighted where sensors were validated using clinically relevant samples.
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