Abstract
Cancer biomarkers are substances or processes measured in the body or in bodily fluids and that can predict the risk of developing a cancer (predictive biomarkers) indicate the early onsets of cancer (diagnostic biomarkers) or measure risk of cancer progression or potential response to therapy (prognostic biomarkers). They play keys roles in the early diagnosis and clinical management of cancer patients. In this chapter, the main types of molecular cancer biomarkers are presented, which includes nucleic acids, proteins, exosomes, tumor cells, and small metabolites.
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