Abstract
Algae produce diverse nature of valuable biomolecules that can be broadly categorized as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, and lipids. Several research studies have been done to establish efficient extraction processes of the biomolecules from algae in the bio-refinery approach with the emphasis on economic feasibility at an industrial scale. In this chapter, supercritical and subcritical extraction processes for the extraction of carbohydrates and proteins from algae is discussed. The use of co-solvents in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction enhanced the extraction yield of carbohydrate and protein significantly. The sequential use of supercritical fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction seems an efficient process for the extraction of both protein and carbohydrate. Pressurized liquid extraction of protein at low temperature is found to be effective as it restores the bioactive properties of the molecules. Finally, filed patent-related with the extraction of carbohydrate and protein using supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction are discussed.
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