Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) play a crucial role in the prokaryotic adaptive immune system. Recently CRISPR- Cas system has emerged as a new, efficient technology that targets DNA sequences using programmable RNAs thus opening new horizons in genome editing in different cells and organisms having a plethora of applications. This bacterial defense system (CRISPR-Cas) is a revolutionary engineering tool for precise and controlled genetic modifications of many microbes. This chapter will focus on the implementation of CRISPR- Cas technologies in the microorganisms relevant to the food chain and its role in the “food revolution,” food security, and genesis of next-generation quality enhanced and health-boosting functional foods, fermentation-based food products as well as crop quality enhancement in agriculture by modifying genes for diseases, improving stress tolerance, control of allergens, etc.
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