Chapter 11 - Computational approach to understand fungal secondary metabolites and responsible biological molecules

Abstract

Fungi belong to the eukaryotic group of microorganisms, and are found in almost all types of ecosystem. Some common examples of fungi are molds, yeasts, and mushrooms. Fungal secondary metabolites are different categories of compounds produced by the organisms of this kingdom. Secondary metabolites are compounds that are produced as by-products of primary metabolism and are not essential for the survival of the organism. Fungal metabolites have tremendous economic importance, for example, as the producers of antibiotics, coloring agents for food, and enzymes. Understanding the details of the genes and proteins responsible for the production of these secondary metabolites, along with the chemical-physical nature of these compounds, is essential. Knowledge of genomes, proteomes, and systems biology is essential for better understanding to enhance large-scale production of these useful secondary metabolites. Computational biology approaches are a very effective and convenient way to attain the required knowledge regarding fungal secondary metabolites. In this chapter, we have discussed the details of different secondary metabolites, their uses, and importance in industries for the betterment of humankind. We have also discussed relevant computational recourses such as databases, tools, and techniques related to fungi. Application of these tools and databases to understand the fungi genome, transcriptome, and metabolites can be a breakthrough in the field.