Abstract
Bioethanol production from dairy rich lactose by-products like whey and casein permeate used to be the main manufacturing process in New Zealand for the last 20 years but fuel replacement has not been strongly adopted. Developing the biofuel road map production through a zero net emission is a main driver for the country but the cost balance between raw materials versus final product, and the circular economy plays a key role on the bioethanol production from whey. There is a challenge for this agriculture export-based country despite of high public and policy interest which found that value of agricultural goods like whey powder and lactose applications are higher than the internal production of biofuel. Policy changes, incentive and strong capital investment in new research will support consumers and aid industries within the supply chain to move the journey in the right direction of a sustainable economy to maximize bioethanol production.
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