Abstract
This chapter provides information on the origin of sodium sulfate and its deposits. It describes the way in which sodium sulfate forms and the way in which it is concentrated, deposited, and transformed into the various sodium sulfate minerals. Sodium sulfate is the most common of the naturally occurring saline salts next to sodium chloride. The sodium ion is a common component of many rocks, and it is present in all the waters that have contacted and leached these rocks. The sulfate ion is a rare rock component (except for gypsum/anhydrite), and thus very little of it is leached from the same rocks supplying the sodium ion. Consequently, essentially no sodium sulfate enters spring or groundwater by the direct leaching of any rocks. It does, however, have a number of quite common sources.
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