Abstract
Recently, carbon nanomaterials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their unique properties, such as electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. Thus, carbon nanomaterials are widely applied in biosensing systems, especially in bioassays. In this review, the definition and development of carbon nanomaterials are firstly introduced. Then, different forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as fullerene, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, are illustrated by focusing on their constructions and working principles. Thereafter, the applications of different carbon nanomaterials-based sensing systems in protein assays are discussed. In the end, we demonstrate the potential prospects of carbon nanomaterials-based sensing systems for clinical use and provide some suggestions for the development of carbon nanomaterials-based sensing systems.
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