Cellulose-Derived Nanostructures as Sustainable Biomass for Supercapacitors: A Review.

Seong Min Ji,Anuj Kumar

doi:10.3390/polym14010169

Seong Min Ji, Anuj Kumar

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14010169

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Journal: Polymers	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2022
Citations: 14	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Jeonbuk National University, Yeungnam University

Abstract

Sustainable biomass has attracted a great attention in developing green renewable energy storage devices (e.g., supercapacitors) with low-cost, flexible and lightweight characteristics. Therefore, cellulose has been considered as a suitable candidate to meet the requirements of sustainable energy storage devices due to their most abundant nature, renewability, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. Particularly, cellulose-derived nanostructures (CNS) are more promising due to their low-density, high surface area, high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical properties. Recently, various research activities based on CNS and/or various conductive materials have been performed for supercapacitors. In addition, CNS-derived carbon nanofibers prepared by carbonization have also drawn considerable scientific interest because of their high conductivity and rational electrochemical properties. Therefore, CNS or carbonized-CNS based functional materials provide ample opportunities in structure and design engineering approaches for sustainable energy storage devices. In this review, we first provide the introduction and then discuss the fundamentals and technologies of supercapacitors and utilized materials (including cellulose). Next, the efficacy of CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials is discussed. Further, various types of CNS are described and compared. Then, the efficacy of these CNS or carbonized-CNS based materials in developing sustainable energy storage devices is highlighted. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives are briefly conferred.

Highlights

3 ) [36,37], transition pseudocapacitance is well known the adsorption of hydrogen into catalytic (TMDs), MXenes, carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or graphene oxide (CNTs noble metals (Pt, Rh, Ru and Ir), with electrodeposition of metal cations at potentials less or GO [37]), conducting polymers, etc
The carbon materials traditionally used in supercapacitors are mainly derived from fossil resources, so they face serious environmental problems and will be accountable for properties and recent advances in cellulose-derived nanostructures as a sustainable biomass for supercapacitor applications
Extraction methods and size-dimensions, nanocelluloses can be categorized into three major terms, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibres (CNFs), and bacterial cellulose nanofibres (BCNFs)

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Supercapacitors can deliver hundreds to thousands times more power in the same volume, but cannot store the same amount of charge as batteries [2] They can be used independently or with fuel cells or batteries where high power is required [3,4]. Cellulose-based composite foams, gels and aerogels have promisingly been applied to advanced energy storage devices [19,20]. These carbon materials typically contain mesopores and micropores, impeding the penetration and loading of conductive polymers. The fabrication of high-performance biomass-derived carbon/conductive polymer hybrids remains a major challenge

Fundamentals and Technologies

Materials Used for Capacitors

Cellulose-Based Functional Materials for Supercapacitors

Applications of CNS-Based Functional Materials in Supercapacitors

Schematic of the preparation process ofand

Findings

Conclusions and Future Perspectives