Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes have been identified in vivo during rejection periods following transplantation of foreign tissues and in vitro following stimulation with foreign lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). This chapter presents a test to measure the destructive function of cytotoxic lymphocytes, cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. In MLC–CML technique, the assay is performed in two stages. In the first step, cytotoxic lymphocytes are sensitized in a 6-day MLC, and in the second step their cytotoxic activity is measured in the CML assay. A method of CML typing has been proposed for identifying and defining new target determinants. According to this method, cytotoxic lymphocytes are generated in MLC between allogeneic individuals and tested in CML with panels of third-party target cells. The increased understanding of the complexity of the genetic control of cell-mediated cytotoxicity requires a reevaluation of the role of various gene products controlled by the HLA region as targets for CML.
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