Carbon emission assessment of lithium iron phosphate batteries throughout lifecycle under communication base station in China

Abstract

The demand for lithium-ion batteries has been rapidly increasing with the development of new energy vehicles. The cascaded utilization of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in communication base stations can help avoid the severe safety and environmental risks associated with battery retirement. This study conducts a comparative assessment of the environmental impact of new and cascaded LFP batteries applied in communication base stations using a life cycle assessment method. It analyzes the influence of battery costs and power structure on carbon emissions reduction. Results indicate: When consuming the same amount of electricity in a cascaded battery system (CBS), LFP batteries with a retirement state of health (SOH) range between 76.5 % and 90.0 % can reduce 30.3 % of the global warming potential (GWP) compared to new batteries. From the perspective of battery costs, when the price ratio of new to old batteries is greater than 31.0 %, the GWP of batteries retired at 70.0 % SOH is higher than that of new batteries. As the proportion of renewable energy sources in the power structure increases, the GWP of new batteries in 2035 is 15.0 % lower than in 2020. For batteries retired at 80.0 % SOH, their GWP decreases by 12.3 % compared to 2020. This study offers a new approach to determining the retirement point for LFP batteries from an environmental perspective, promoting carbon emission reduction throughout the entire battery life cycle and the sustainable development of the transportation sector.