Build Surface Roughness and Internal Oxide Concentration for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of IN718

Abstract

Oxidation of hot spatter during laser powder bed fusion results in the deposition of oxides on the build surface. In the case of IN718—as studied in this work—the oxide is alumina. While some of this surface oxide may be incorporated in the build, an oxygen mass balance indicates some oxygen removal during the building process. This work tested an expected effect of the roughness of the build surface on the concentration of micron-sized oxide inclusions that are incorporated in test coupons during building. The roughness of the build surface responded to changes in hatch spacing, in line with a simple geometric model of the overlap between adjacent beads. Samples with deeper grooves retained more oxide, resulting in a much larger concentration of oxide inclusions within the samples. The conclusion is that parts with lower inclusion concentrations can be produced by decreasing the hatch spacing, at the cost of a lower build rate.