Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the classification, description, hosts, key developments, diagnostic techniques, and diagnostic reagents for bovine leukosis virus (BLV). BLV belongs to the family Retroviridae ; subfamily Oncovirinae ; genus Type C Oncovirus group ; and species Bovine leukosis virus . BLV causes inapparent infections, persistent lymphocytosis, leukemia, and/or lymphosarcoma in cattle. Enzootic bovine leukosis caused by BLV should be distinguished from sporadic bovine leukosis of unknown etiology, juvenile, skin, and thymic forms of the disease. The host of BLV is cattle. The first cases of enzootic bovine leukosis were described in Germany in 1878. The viral etiology was shown in 1969, and the serological identification of reactors became possible in 1972. Insects have experimentally transmitted BLV. The sensitive diagnostic tests for BLV are virus neutralisation (VN), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and syncytia infectivity assay.
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