Abstract
To evaluate the effect of nanotechnology on bond strength of hybrid ceramics. Twelve CAD/CAM ceramic slices were divided into 3 groups (n=4) (Lava Ultimate [LU], Vita Enamic [VE], and IPS e.max [EM]). Each was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=2) (hydrofluoric acid etching [HF] and Sandblasting [SB]). Each was subdivided into 2 subdivisions (n=1) (Scotchbond Universal [SbU] and Futurabond U [FbU]). Silane was applied for 1 minute. Five micro-cylinders of RelyX Ultimate were cemented on each slice. 5000 thermocycles were done. Micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) was performed using the universal testing machine. SEM analysis was used to identify the mode of failure and the effect of surface treatment. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured by contact profilometer. Three-way ANOVA was used to study the effect of ceramic material, surface treatment, and universal adhesive on μSBS. Bonferroni’s post-hoc test was used when ANOVA test was significant (P ≤.05). Two-way ANOVA was used to study the effect of ceramic microstructure and surface treatment on surface roughness. LU showed the highest μSBS and the least Ra values. The nanostructure of LU enhanced its bonding properties and decreased its surface roughness. HF and silane application could be considered a reliable surface treatment for bonding of hybrid ceramics. The presence of silane in SbU, in addition to the separate silane application, was enhanced the μSBS of the sandblasted LU.
Published Version
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