Bishop Miho Pušić – Morality Precepts and Tourism

Tourism is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing industries, per the World Tourism Organization, accounting for more than 10% of the Global GDP and supporting one in every ten jobs globally (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2019). The tourism sector has witnessed massive growth and change over the past few years, which has led to a critical analysis of the determinants of the employability of its graduates. As the face of tourism shifts with advances in technology, consumer tastes, and global issues, it is necessary to recognize what skills and traits make an individual more job-ready in this rapidly changing industry. The job market landscape, however, is more dynamic than ever, and it is evolving due to globalization, automation, and recent advances in artificial Intelligence. Identifying the significant factors affecting employability, as well as the requirements of the new job market, can tremendously help all stakeholders (Mezhoudi et al., 2021). Evidence suggests that in addition to academic education, critical employability skills consist of soft skills such as communication, flexibility, and problem-solving capabilities, which employers in the tourism and hospitality industries increasingly recognize as necessary (Mohanty and Mohanty, 2019). Recognized that many employers prioritize such soft skills more than technical knowledge, and with this, an indicated need for more focus on experiential education and individual development in tourism training programs. The employability of graduates has been an area of interest for academia and the industry for quite some time, with different research studies emphasizing those factors that enhance a graduate’s chances of employability. Examining the functions of education, skills, experience, and industry trends, offers an understanding of what renders job seekers competitive in the tourism employment arena. Employability within the tourism industry extends beyond a degree, with employers increasingly placing value on real-world experience, skills, and flexibility to the dynamic forces of the industry. Where there has been a rise in educational courses tied to tourism, a disturbing number of graduates enter the employment arena with insufficient preparation. Which abilities do employers place the most value upon? How is hands-on experience used in decisions to recruit or not recruit someone? By asking these questions, we seek to shed light on the roads to success within a sector that not only withstands but also basks in possibility. The learning from this work will be beyond price for graduates and teaching institutions in preparing future tourism leaders. This research on the predictors of tourism management graduates’ employability at the University of La Salette, Inc. is to determine and analyze the most influential factors that determine a person’s employability to secure and perform the roles in tourism-related employment. This study aims to provide complete insight into what maximizes job readiness in the tourism industry. Furthermore, the research aims to fill the gap between educational preparation and business requirements, providing practical recommendations for schools and policymakers. In the end, this research hopes to equip graduates with the information and skills required to cope with the changing employment environment in tourism. This research is relevant to the challenges tourism graduates from the University of La Salette, Inc. face in securing employment. It offers data that can help bridge the knowledge gap between academic preparation and expectations from the tourism industry. The study attests to the alignment of the education programs with the desired skills and competencies that employers require by defining key situations that enhance preparation for work. The study can help educational institutions upgrade their programs to prepare graduates for the dynamic tourism industry. The study also offers vital information to the graduates, enabling them to perform in the labor market and effectively meet the industry’s needs.

The study shows the advantages of forming and maximizing the financial potential of enterprises in the tourism industry and the hospitality sector, which shows the maximum importance of this economic stage of the enterprise. Methods for assessing financial potential in the tourism and hospitality industry include a thorough analysis of financial statements, cash flow projections, return on investment calculations and comparisons with industry standards. In addition, market research, customer feedback and risk assessment contribute to a comprehensive assessment of the company's financial condition and development prospects. The study of the method of assessing the financial potential in the economy of the enterprise involves the analysis of financial statements, the assessment of indicators of liquidity, profitability and solvency, as well as the understanding of the dynamics of cash flows. It also includes an assessment of market conditions, industry trends and potential risks. A holistic approach combiningquantitative and qualitative factors provides a comprehensive understanding of the economic viability and growth potential of the enterprise. Key indicators for assessing financial potential in the tourism and hospitality industry include revenue growth, profit margins, return on investment (ROI), average daily rate (ADR), occupancy rates, and customer satisfaction scores. Additionally, monitoring cash flow, debt levels, and keeping an eye on industry-specific metrics like RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room) can provide valuable insights into the financial health and potential of enterprises in this sector. Assessing the financial potential of a tourism enterprise is crucial for sustainable growth. A robust methodology helps to assess profitability, identify cost-effective strategies and adapt to market trends, ensuring long-term success in the dynamic tourism and hospitality sector.

Currently, the hospitality and tourism industry is undergoing various changes. In particular, she is experiencing difficulties due to the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2020. The market of tourist services has ceased to function systematically, which is why it has lost many small and medium-sized businesses. In this case, government intervention is simply necessary to solve a number of problems and help in the restoration of this industry and achieve the previous level of its development. Moreover, the epidemic has affected the consumption habits of the population, to which the tourism sector also needs to adapt. This factor served as a catalyst for the development of a national project aimed at developing domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation. The article identifies the key shortcomings of the sphere of domestic hospitality and tourism, identifies trends in consumer behavior and trends in industry management, and analyzes the state national project as a tool for improving the quality of services provided in the Russian tourism market. The results of the study provide information on what trends should be paid attention to during the implementation of the tourism sector strategy, as well as several recommendations were formed for a more successful implementation of the national plan and achievement of targets. Conclusion: the fourteenth national project seems to be an effective tool for the development of domestic tourism and attracting investment in this sector of the economy

The tourism industry, as one of the most dynamic sectors globally, relies heavily on the effectiveness of human resource management (HRM) to maintain competitive advantage. This paper explores the strategic role of HRM in the tourism industry, emphasizing workforce planning, talent acquisition, training and development, and employee retention. By analyzing case studies and industry trends, the study highlights best practices and offers recommendations for optimizing HRM to enhance service quality and organizational performance. This research is qualitative descriptive, it utilized a comprehensive literature review to examine the current state of workforce planning and recruitment strategies in the tourism industry. To optimize HRM effectiveness, tourism organizations must adopt a data-driven, strategic approach to address key challenges, such as fluctuating demand, high employee turnover, and the need for continuous skills development. By implementing best practices in HRM, the tourism industry can unlock its full potential, providing exceptional experiences for travelers and contributing to the overall economic and cultural development of destinations worldwide.

Objective. The objective of the article is to assess the current state of the export potential of the Ukrainian tourism industry, taking into account the full-scale military aggression of Russia against Ukraine in order to find directions for its development in the period of the country's post-war recovery. Methods. The following general scientific methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, grouping. Results. It was determined that the concept of "export potential of the tourism industry" should be understood as the maximum possible volume of export of the national tourism product, which is formed under the influence of macroeconomic, competitive and internal factors of the industry and is realized in the long term. A methodical approach to the integral assessment of the export potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine is proposed, taking into account macroeconomic, competitive and internal factors of influence, within which the integral indicator of the export potential of the tourism industry is proposed to be defined as the product of the average income from one foreign tourist and the indicator of the annual capacity of accommodation facilities, adjusted by the factor seasonality and the specific weight of the inbound tourist flow, the index of the influence of macroeconomic factors, the index of international competitiveness, and the indicator of the use of export potential, as a ratio of the actual level of income from the export of tourist services to the level of the export potential of the country's tourism industry. It is substantiated that one of the key macroeconomic factors of stimulating the demand for tourist services are safety factors.It is substantiated that the dynamics of the export potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine fully reflects the macroeconomic trends of the international tourism industry, demonstrating its growth to 4769.80 million dollars. USA in 2019, a sharp reduction to $2,458.15 million. USA in 2020 and growth to 6633.09 million USD. USA in 2021 due to a significant increase in the average income from one foreign tourist to $690.48. / person at the expense of foreign tourists from Saudi Arabia. It was established that the level of realization of the export potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine shows a decrease during 2017-2021 by 21.35%. It is substantiated that, taking into account the current conditions of the functioning of the Ukrainian tourism industry, the priority sectors of tourism development should be business, cognitive, in particular dark, mournful, since the routes associated with the war and iconic post-war locations such as Irpin, Bucha, Gostomel, which will forever remain a reminder to future generations, like Auschwitz or Babin Yar, medical and ecological tourism. It is substantiated that the restoration of the export potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine requires the improvement of organizational and personnel, informational, methodological and financial support for the development of tourism. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use in the development of an updated strategy for the development of the export potential of the tourism industry of Ukraine and its implementation.

This paper describes the supply function trend in the tourism industry. In this regard, Sraffa’s theory is based on a strong link between a perfectly competitive system and supply at constant cost and consequently with stabile supply prices. The paper presents an analysis of specific problems of the supply trend in the tourism industry. Brief research shows that the tourism industry has a decreasing trend. The supply function’s character is due to internal economies and chiefly to external economies. An analysis on trends of the tourism industry proves that this sector of the economy operates in a system that is not of perfect competition but is characterized by imperfect or monopolistic competition.

As a result of the 2019 epidemic, all industries around the world have been hit hard, especially the tourism industry. Governments have introduced many measures to maintain the tourism industry, but the results are not satisfactory, and the industry has even experienced negative growth. In order to predict the future trend of the tourism industry and to make decisions, this paper has selected five different data on airlines, hotels, car rentals and travel agencies in the US tourism industry as the basis, and will use two models, ETS and ARIMA, to forecast the data from 2000 to 2020 respectively, to obtain the data without the impact of the epidemic, and then compare the forecast results with the historical real data. The results will then be compared with the historical data. Finally, a model suitable for each data was obtained.

Based on the tourism industry economic panel data, this research divides and measures the tourism industry’s economic resilience cycle in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) by constructing a counterfactual function and exploring the evolution of its Spatial-Temporal difference characteristics in the past 20 years. Estimation results show that three out of the four Recession–Recovery cycles of GBA have been characterized as “creative destruction”. Moreover, the economic resilience values and fluctuation trends of the individual tourism industries in the GBA are quite different. Additionally, the economic resilience of the urban tourism industry has changed from centralized to discrete, and the trend of economic resilience of the tourism industry has changed from low toughness to concentrated. This study expands the practice of resilience theory in the tourism industry economy, and it reveals the difference of tourism industry resilience in the metropolitan area system of GBA urban agglomeration from the perspective of industrial economic resistance and resilience.

The tourism industry is still in the recovery period after experiencing the suspension caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, it seems that the epidemic prevention and control has become a routine job, in this context, some changes and new trends are taking place to the tourism industry. This paper analyzes the data based on the tourism market and discusses the major trends in the development of the tourism industry. The analysis reveals that the consumer appetite to travel was not blunted by COVID-19 even if many countries and regions are currently closed for tourists. Health and safety continue to be main concerns of tourists during their travels. In addition, there is a growing tendency toward industrial integration as the tourism demand is becoming increasingly diversified and personalized. Another definite trend in the tourism industry is the digitalization construction in tourist destinations. It is certain that the digital technology will provide travel businesses with more possibilities, and the tourism industry, guided by the innovation-driven development strategy, will have a promising future.

The emergence of intelligent tourism as a new trend in the travel industry has raised the bar for the excellent growth of the travel and cultural sectors. The merger of the artistic and tourist industries significantly advances tourism’s modernization and evolution. Finding a high-quality growth path for the tourist and culture industries within the context of intelligent tourism is a significant problem that must be overcome in order to achieve the two sectors’ in-depth integration and synergistic growth. A scientific assessment system and model analysis is necessary to uncover practical ways to support industry integration and upgrading based on the current industrial development status quo. A strong connection between this province’s cultural and tourism sectors is indicated by the coupling degrees generally higher than 0.85. Although the degree of coupling coordination has improved annually, many cities are still unable to achieve a higher level of coordination, according to an analysis. This study utilizes the degree of coupling coordination model as a basis for creating a coupling index for the culture and tourist industries and examining the growth situation of an area from 2015 to 2022. In a particular province, the median annual growth rates for the tourism and cultural sectors between 2015 and 2022 are 19.18% and 32.11%, respectively. This suggests that there is still more room for growth and integration between the two sectors in the context of intelligent tourism. The tourism industry is developing more slowly than the cultural industry. The research suggests ways to aid the integration and superior growth of the tourist and cultural sectors, including boosting infrastructure construction and enhancing employee knowledge.

Tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries of the national economy in China. In 2009, the 41 document "Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Tourism" of national development and reform commission has made it clear that the tourism industry should be cultivated into a strategic pillar industry of the national economy, which also marks the establishment of the strategic position of tourism industry in our national economy. This article analyzes the current situation of China's tourism industry from the three aspects of domestic tourism, outbound tourism and inbound tourism, and analyzes the development process of China's tourism industry under the guidance of policies. It is divided into political reception period, tourism earning period, tourism popularization period and tourism integration period. Subsequently, this article systematically analyzes the new trends in China's tourism industry. Finally, conclusions and suggestions are given.

The object of the study is the modern tourism and hospitality industry, which has faced significant losses and transformations over the past few years. Changes in the service system, transition to new standards, introduction of digital and online technologies in operations, etc. are affecting both industry players and consumer preferences. While some consumers only use the services of professional travel organisers, others travel on their own, preferring independent tourism. The article examines major trends in the tourism industry, reviews the market and gives recommendations on what challenges and opportunities to create a competitive advantage over online resources, aggregators in the fight for the consumer should pay attention to travel agencies as one of the key players in the market of travel services.

Developmental stability reflects the ability of a genotype to develop in the same way under varying environmental conditions. Deviations from developmental stability, arising from disruptive effects of environmental and genetic stresses, can be measured in terms of fluctuating asymmetry, a particularly sensitive indicator of the ability to cope with these stresses during ontogeny. In an inbred Adriatic island population, we expected dental arch fluctuating asymmetry 1) to be higher than in an outbred sample from the same island, and 2) within this population, to increase with the level of inbreeding. Due to environmental stress, we also expected to find higher fluctuating asymmetry in the outbred island population than in an urban reference group from the same country. The material consisted of 506 dental casts of 253 children from 1) the island of Hvar, and 2) Zagreb, Croatia. Three-dimensional coordinates of 26 landmarks spanning the arches were digitized. The analysis partitioned the asymmetry of arch forms into components for directional and fluctuating bilateral asymmetry, using the appropriate Procrustes method (geometric morphometrics). The results corroborated the hypotheses. Fluctuating asymmetry was found to be higher on the island than in Zagreb in all groups and in both jaws, and increased significantly with endogamy level in the lower jaw. There was no significant directional asymmetry in the Zagreb sample and likewise none in the upper jaws of the outbred island group, but significant directional asymmetry in both jaws of the inbred population and also in the lower jaws of the outbred island group. These results suggest an environmental as well as a genetic influence on dental arch asymmetry. Although the lower jaws expressed these two stresses almost additively, the upper jaws appeared to be better buffered. The role of directional asymmetry as a potential indicator of craniofacial developmental instability clearly merits further attention.

ABSTRACTWine is an integral part of life on the Croatian island of Hvar. Its significance is multivalent, from the importance of home production and consumption to its functions as a trade commodity and symbol of community and identity. Much of Hvar’s wine grapes are grown in the Stari Grad Plain, a UNESCO World Heritage-listed cultural landscape. Economic factors mean grape and wine production can be a precarious pursuit, and although wine retains a central cultural position many farmers on the Plain are abandoning agriculture in favour of tourism industries. To increase value of their product, grape and wine producers seek to tap into discourses of ‘heritage’ that are understood locally and shaped by globalised discourses of authenticity and quality. Wine producers have identified autochthonous grape varieties, particularly bogdanuša, as important elements in the promotion of Hvar wine. These grapes are able to simultaneously access multiple registers of value due to their uniqueness, perceived quality, heritage significance, emplaced ‘belonging’ on the island, and relationship to cultural practices and other important elements of cultural patrimony, and producers are optimistic about their role in the future success of the wine industry on Hvar.

In recent years, the use of robot technology in different sectors worldwide is rapidly spreading. Especially with the industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence robot technology has gained a new dimension. Tourism industry, although labor intensive, has a significant share of these technological developments. The aim of this study, which is based on the literature review; the aim of the course is to discuss the current situation of robot technology in tourism industry, multidimensional effects and future trends. Within the scope of the study within the tourism industry; the current usage of robot technology in hotel business, travel establishments, restaurant enterprises, airports, museums and tourism guidance profession has been examined and the tendencies towards future are determined. The results of the study show that there are many examples of robot technology in the tourism industry and the present findings indicate that the use of robot technology in the future will increase in the tourism industry.