Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) have been prepared using bio-assisted method and their application in the field of biosensors is demonstrated. Particularly in this work, different nanostructures of γ-Fe2O3 namely nanospheres (NS), nanograsses (NG) and nanowires (NW) are prepared using a bio-surfactant namely Furostanol Saponin (FS) present in Fenugreek seeds extract through co-precipitation method by following “green” route. Three distinct morphologies of iron oxide nanostructures possessing the same crystal structure, magnetic properties, and varied size distribution are prepared and characterized. The resultant materials are analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of reaction time and concentration of FS on the resultant morphologies of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures are systematically investigated. Among different shapes, NWs and NSs of γ-Fe2O3 are found to exhibit better sensing behaviour for both the individual and simultaneous electrochemical detection of most popular biomarkers namely dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Electrochemical studies reveal that γ-Fe2O3 NWs showed better sensing characteristics than γ-Fe2O3 NSs and NGs in terms of distinguishable voltammetric signals for DA and UA with enhanced oxidation current values. Differential pulse voltammetric studies exhibit linear dependence on DA and UA concentrations in the range of 0.15–75 µM and 5 μM – 0.15 mM respectively. The detection limit values for DA and UA are determined to be 150 nM and 5 µM. In addition γ-Fe2O3 NWs modified electrode showed higher sensitivity, reduced overpotential along with good selectivity towards the determination of DA and UA even in the presence of other common interferents. Thus the proposed biosensor electrode is very easy to fabricate, eco-friendly, cheaper and possesses higher surface area suggesting the unique structural patterns of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures to be a promising candidate for electrochemical bio-sensing and biomedical applications.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) have been prepared using bio-assisted method and their application in the field of biosensors is demonstrated
FESEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses showed that the obtained morphologies are in 0D and 1D iron oxide nanostructures with an average particle size in the range of 12 nm (0D) and width of 230–250 nm (1D) respectively
Γ-Fe2O3 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for the simultaneous determination of DA and uric acid (UA) by significantly decreasing their oxidation overpotential values and enhancing the peak current values when compared to bare GCE without any modification
Summary
Magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) have been prepared using bio-assisted method and their application in the field of biosensors is demonstrated. FTIR spectra of pure FS extract and different samples (NGs, NWs and NSs of γ-Fe2O3) synthesized using various volume % of FS for 30 min and 3 h time duration have been recorded to confirm the formation of Fe–O bond in these samples.
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