Abstract
Background: Ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA) play crucial roles in human metabolism. These substances coexist in biological fluids, and their levels are directly associated with various pathologies. A significant problem encountered in the direct and simultaneous electrochemical detection of AA, UA, and DA is that these species present very close oxidation potentials on most electrode materials, leading to an overlap in the voltammetric response. Aim: The main goal of this work was to determine the concentration of AA, UA, and DA in a natural water sample on a carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNTPE). Methods: All voltammetric measurements were performed on a µAutolab potentiostat/galvanostat (Metrohm) connected to an electrochemical cell of three electrodes: working, reference (Ag/AgCl, KCl3.0M), and auxiliary (platinum). The working electrode was handmade in our laboratory. The following proportions were used to prepare the paste: 50% CNT + 50% mineral oil and 65% CNT + 35% mineral oil. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used for the electroanalytical study. Results: The linear ranges for the simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA by DPV were: 0.45 – 1.0 mM, 50 – 200 ?M, and 10 – 90 ?M, respectively. The LODs of the proposed method for AA, DA, and UA were: 7.97 mM; 8.57 ?M, and 5.96 ?M, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were 4.6, 2.8, and 1.6% for 0.45 mM of AA, 50 ?M of DA, and 50 ?M of UA. Discussion: The oxidation mechanism of: AA, UA, and DA is a process that involves two electrons and 2 protons. Electrochemical detection of DA in the presence of high levels of AA on carbon-based electrodes becomes difficult due to the catalytic oxidation of AA by DA. For the three molecules, AA, UA, and DA, it is observed that the oxidation peak currents increased with increasing concentration. Conclusions: CNTPE allowed the separation of the oxidation peaks of the ternary mixture of AA, UA, and DA by cyclic voltammetry and, when associated with DPV allowed the simultaneous quantitative determination of AA, UA, and DA.
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