Abstract
Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to assess the variability of the lowest monthly totals of precipitation, and to evaluate the impact of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of months with a deficit of precipitation. Material and methods. Material: The monthly totals of atmospheric precipitation for the years 1951–2017 from 19 meteorological stations located in the Polish Tatra Mountains and in their foreland. and the calendar of atmospheric circulation types for southern Poland, which was developed by Niedźwiedź (1981; 2018). Methods: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), the Mann-Kendall test Results and conclusions. No statistically significant trend at a significance level of 0.05 was noted in the course of the lowest monthly precipitation totals at any of the meteorological stations. In the 67-year period, all the measuring stations saw a total of 499 (3.3%) dry months with varying drought severity. The largest number of extremely dry months occurred in August and April, respectively. In the case of months when the lowest totals of precipitation occurred in the same month at all or almost all of the meteorological stations, three types of anticyclonic circulation dominated, i.e. eastern, south-eastern, southern, and the anticyclonic wedge.
Highlights
Drought as a randomly recurring extreme phenomenon is one of the main natural threats to the environment
Verification of the significance of the trend in the lowest monthly precipitation totals the lowest monthly totals of atmospheric precipitation identified at individual measuring stations were examined for possible trends
In the area of the Polish Tatra Mountains and in its foreland, the lowest monthly precipitation totals in the yearly course occur with the highest incidence from October to April
Summary
Drought as a randomly recurring extreme phenomenon is one of the main natural threats to the environment. It is caused by the scarcity of precipitation. In the era of climate change, rainwater deficits are increasingly affecting various parts of the world, e.g. the north-eastern areas of Brazil in 2010–2013 (Gutiérrez et al, 2014), significant areas of China in 2010– –2011 (Xu et al, 2015) with further extreme drought events in the years 2001 and 2010 (Li et al, 2020), and the area of the United States in the years 1986– –1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 (Wilhite, 2000). In Europe, in many years of the 21st century, droughts
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