Assessing cytotoxicity and antiproliferation effects of Sida rhombifolia against MCA-B1 and A549 cancer cells

Abstract

This research aims to determine the cytotoxicity and antiproliferation activities of Sida rhombifolia leaves extract against cancer cells MCA-B1, A549 and normal Vero cells. S. rhombifolia leaves were extracted with ethanol using ultrasonication method and fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. The tested samples were ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction based on the results of cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The antiproliferation activity test by using Trypan Blue Dye method and the cells harvested after confluence on the third or fourth day and the total cells were calculated by using the Neubauer Hemocytometer. The result showed that the inhibitory activity of ethanol extract at a concentration of 500 ppm is 69.44% with IC50 202.556 ppm on MCA-B1 cancer cells and 69.44% with IC50 276.836 ppm on A549 cancer cells. While the n-hexane fraction at a concentration of 1000 ppm was 64.13% with IC50 425.969 ppm in MCA-B1 cancer cells and 57.18% with IC50 786.617 ppm on A549 cancer cells. After being tested on normal Vero cells the inhibition of normal Vero cells proliferation is not more than 1%. This indicates that ethanol extracts and n-hexane fraction are safe for normal cells and analysis by using LC-MS/MS showed a benzazepine compound in the ethanol extract of S. rhombifolia is known for its role as antiproliferation. These results indicate that S. rhombifolia leaves extract has the potential to be developed as anticancer compounds.