Cytotoxic of ethanol extract & n-hexane fraction of solo black garlic (Allium sativum L.) to breast cancer cell line T47D

Abstract

Black garlic (Allium sativum L.) has higher anticancer organosulfur compounds than unprogressed garlic. This study aimed to determine the profile of volatile metabolite, potentially anticancer compounds and cytotoxic activity of single black garlic against T47D breast cancer cell line. The method of this study consisted of extraction by maceration using 70% ethanol and liquid-liquid extraction with n-Hexane, analysis of volatile metabolites with Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), T47D breast cancer cell culture in RPMI medium and cytotoxicity test by MTT with cell control group, ethanol extract group (100 · 103, 50 · 103, 25 · 103, 12.5 · 103, 6.25 · 103 and 3.125 · 103 μg/mL), n-Hexane fraction group (2 · 103, 1 · 103, 0.5 · 103, 0.25 · 103 and 0.125 · 103 μg/mL) and positive control group of doxorubicin (10, 5 and 2.5 µg / mL). The GC-MS analysis allowed identifying 32 and 26 volatile compounds in ethanol extract and n-Hexane fraction, 9 anticancer compounds were found in ethanol extract classified into fatty acid, monoterpenes, phenol and carotenoid, while in n-Hexane fraction were found 3 anticancer compounds classified into fatty acid. The treatment cause cell death characterized with T47D cell morphology turn into round, smaller and irregular when compared to cell control. The IC50 values of ethanol extract and n-Hexane fraction were 8.67 · 103 µg/mL and 26.02 · 103μg/mL. Cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract and n-Hexane fraction toward breast cancer cell T47D was concentration dependent manner. Ethanol extract and n-Hexane fraction of single black garlic have the potential as anticancer agents.