Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) belongs to the Sapindaceae family. We examined the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extracts against cancer-derived cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of longan leaf. Cytotoxicity test is against brine shrimps that were screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Antiproliferative activity assay on WEHI-164 cells (mouse fibrosarcoma cancer cell), THP-1 cells (human peripheral blood acute monocyte cell), and Vero cells (non-cancer or normal cell) that was conducted using a hemocytometer with Trypan Blue Dye exclusion. The 50% lethality concentration (LC50) value of water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 854.64, 305.81, 446.55, 1313.44, and 1621.8 μg/ml. Ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic due to the lowest LC50 value. The ethanol extract was then used for further examination. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved 44.93% by 600 μg/ml ethanol extract on WEHI-164 and 57.45% by 500 μg/ml ethanol extract on THP-1. It was significantly equal to doxorubicin antiproliferative activity. Ethanol extract dose had a low effect on Vero cells. This present study confirmed that the longan leaf ethanol extract possesses marked antiproliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines.
Highlights
Cancer is characterized by excessive, abnormal, and uncontrolled proliferation rolled growth of the body tissue cells
We examined the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extracts against cancer-derived cell cell lines in vitro
The fractionation of ethanol extract, the water fraction produced the higher yield compared with the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions
Summary
Cancer is characterized by excessive, abnormal, and uncontrolled proliferation rolled growth of the body tissue cells. The secondary metabolites usually used as a defense mechanism of the plants. Some people use this secondary metabolites for the treatment of human diseases. Secondary metabolites derived from plants are one of the treatments for cancer disorder. Secondary metabolites compounds have a bioactivity that can control the proliferation of cancer cells (Ayoola et al, 2008). This process is a promising for treating cancer without decreasing the quality of life. The antiproliferative activity of specific secondary metabolites of longan leaf has not yet be determined; this present study was conducted to examine the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extract on some cancer-derived cell lines
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