Abstract
Clove mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) is a semiparasitic plant that belongs to Loranthaceae family. Clove mistletoe was traditionally used for cancer treatment in Indonesia. In the present study, we examined cytotoxicity of clove mistletoe leaves extracts against brine shrimps and conducted their antiproliferative activity on K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MCM-B2 (canine benign mixed mammary) cancer cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction. Cytotoxicity was screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Antiproliferative activity was conducted using Trypan Blue Dye Method and cells were counted using haemocytometer. The results showed that n-hexane fraction exhibited significant cytotoxicity with LC50 value of 55.31 μg/mL. The n-hexane fraction was then considered for further examination. The n-hexane fraction of clove mistletoe could inhibit growth of K562 and MCM-B2 cancer cell lines in vitro. The inhibition activity of clove mistletoe n-hexane fraction at concentration of 125 μg/mL on K562 cancer cell lines was 38.69%, while on MCM-B2 it was 41.5%. Therefore, it was suggested that clove mistletoe had potential natural anticancer activity.
Highlights
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is known as mistletoe and belongs to the Loranthaceae family
In the drug development process, a large number of crude plant-derived extracts were firstly screened for their cytotoxic activity before they were further assayed using cancer cell lines or higher animals
The cytotoxic activity of extract in Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) is determined by 50% brine shrimps mortality response (LC50)
Summary
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is known as mistletoe and belongs to the Loranthaceae family. D. pentandra that grew on various host plants were reported to have cytotoxic and anticancer activities. Daniel et al [5] reported that ethyl acetate fraction of D. pentandra on soursop as host plant had cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp. Cytotoxic and anticancer activities of clove mistletoe are still rare and some reports would be useful to provide information on plants that contain anticancer compounds. We examined cytotoxic activity of clove mistletoe leaves extracts against brine shrimps and their antiproliferative activity on K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MCM-B2 (canine benign mixed mammary) cancer cell lines in vitro. Clove mistletoe leaves extract would be expected to have cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps and inhibited proliferation of cancer cells
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