Abstract
The semiarid region of northeastern Brazil has surface water resources scarce and unevenly distributed in space level. This study aimed to assess the environmental degradation in some random points (dams and river bed) in the upper course of the river Paraiba basin. Photographic records were made and collected geographic coordinates in random spots, identifying the areas and causes of environmental degradation in the region. The results showed that the river waters are getting a high organic load, mainly due to domestic effluents, solid waste and agricultural practices contribute to other factors and degrading pollutants to watersheds and watercourses, as well as the clearing of vegetation native and erosion exacerbate environmental damage. In relation to the physico- chemical parameters of the water, it was observed that the total dissolved solids are suitable for various purposes of uses. There was variation in the chemical oxygen demand, noting that in all the sampled points, most of the reviews, the water possesses chemical oxygen demand above the limit allowed by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, as well as the concentrations of matches. Key words: erosion, solid waste, deforestation, domestic effluents.
Highlights
Análise da degradação ambiental no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba Maria Betânia Rodrigues Silva; Pedro Vieira de Azevedo; Telma Lucia Bezerra Alves
Resumen La región semiárida del noreste de Brasil cuenta con los recursos hídricos superficiales escasos e irregularmente distribuidos en el nivel de espacio
Aliado a esse condicionante climático, o uso indiscriminado dos escassos recursos hídricos vem contribuindo de forma intensa para a degradação da qualidade da água e ampliando os problemas ambientais da região
Summary
A pesquisa foi realizada na bacia hidrográfica do alto curso do Rio Paraíba localizada na região semiárida paraibana, compreendida entre as latitudes 06°51’31’’e 08°26’21’’S e as longitudes 34°48’35’’e 37o02’15”O, localizada na parte sudoeste do Planalto da Borborema e limitando-se ao norte com a sub-bacia do Rio Taperoá, ao sul e a oeste com o estado de Pernambuco e a leste com a região do médio curso do Rio Paraíba, conforme pode ser verificado na Figura 1. Figura 1: Localização da bacia hidrográfica do alto curso do Rio Paraíba. Os solos predominantes são do tipo Luvissolos Crômicos que cobrem todo o cristalino existente na área de abrangência da região do alto curso do Rio Paraíba. A bacia engloba, total ou parcialmente, a área de 18 municípios paraibanos (Amparo, Barra de São Miguel, Boqueirão, Cabaceiras, Camalaú, Caraúbas, Congo, Coxixola, Monteiro, Ouro Velho, Prata, São Domingos do Cariri, São João do Cariri, São João do Tigre, São Sebastião do Umbuzeiro, Serra Branca, Sumé e Zabelê), distribuídos entre as microrregiões do Cariri Ocidental e Oriental do Estado da Paraíba. A pesquisa foi realizada nos municípios de Monteiro, Caraúbas, Camalaú, Congo e São Domingos do Cariri/PB, e foram registrados os principais pontos de degradação ambiental
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