Впровадження практичного заняття «Дослідження забруднення навколишнього середовища твердими побутовими відходами та розрахунок параметрів машин та обладнання для мінімізації негативного впливу на нього» з дисципліни безпека життєдіяльності

Abstract

In article the methodic of engineering calculations is proposed that is necessary for implementation of the practical lesson “Study of environmental pollution by solid domestic wastes and parameters calculation of machines and equipment for minimization of negative influence on it” on the discipline of life safety for the promotion of knowledge development on environmental issues of future specialists. The proposed methodology for engineering calculations includes the definition: the prevalence of the basic methods of handling solid domestic wastes, the multiplicity of exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in soils at different distances from landfills, specific energy consumption, cleaning of soils of landfills by electrochemical remediation from heavy metal contamination, bulldozer requirements on performance of technological operations of compaction of solid domestic wastes on the map of the landfill to reduce the rate of growth I had space, the number of combustion plants, the volume of the bioreactor for aerobic decomposition of solid domestic wastes. Among the factors influencing the prevalence of the basic methods of handling solid domestic wastes and the number of incinerators, the following were considered: population density, GDP per capita, the ratio of expenditures on incineration and disposal of solid domestic wastes, the index of human development, the average geographical latitude, the share of rural population, the value of the indicator of state status on the factor of “natural resources”. The specific energy costs of soil clearing of solid waste disposal sites by the method of electrochemical remediation from pollution were determined depending on the actual and maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals. The need for bulldozers to perform technological operations of compaction of solid domestic wastes on the map of the landfill was determined depending on their storage height, the average number of serviced population, performance characteristics of the bulldozer. During the calculation of the volume of bioreactor for the aerobic decomposition of solid domestic wastes, their daily weight was taken into account. On the basis of comparison of experimental data obtained in the course of the research, it was established that the implementation of the proposed practical training on life safety in the educational process is effective.