Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular receptors for the selective binding of nucleoside phosphate anions (e. g. ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, UDP) in aqueous media at physiological pH is a valuable research endeavour, which could lead to new sensing tools for biomedical and drug discovery research. However, this target is very challenging due to similarities in anion size, structure and charge. This Minireview provides an account of the development of receptors capable of discriminating between ATP and ADP, and their utilisation in biological sensing applications. Particular focus is given to the application of receptors for the determination of ATP or ADP concentrations in biological media, tracking ATP levels (or the ATP/ADP ratio) in cells using fluorescence microscopy, or real-time monitoring of enzyme reactions involving ATP and ADP in vitro.
Highlights
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-selective receptors for cell and tissue imaging.[8]
ATP-selective receptors for cell and tissue imaging.[8]. This present Minireview focuses on molecular receptors that can discriminate between ATP and ADP, paying particular attention to the mechanisms of binding and discrimination
We focus on examples of receptors that have been utilised successfully in biological applications, including the determination of ATP
Summary
The design and synthesis of molecular receptors for the selective binding of nucleoside phosphate anions G. ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, UDP) in aqueous media at physiological pH is a valuable research endeavour, which could lead to new sensing tools for biomedical and drug discovery research. ATP, ADP, GTP, GDP, UDP) in aqueous media at physiological pH is a valuable research endeavour, which could lead to new sensing tools for biomedical and drug discovery research This target is very challenging due to similarities in anion size, structure and charge. This Minireview provides an account of the development of receptors capable of discriminating between ATP and ADP, and their utilisation in biological sensing applications. Particular focus is given to the application of receptors for the determination of ATP or ADP concentrations in biological media, tracking ATP levels (or the ATP/ADP ratio) in cells using fluorescence microscopy, or real-time monitoring of enzyme reactions involving ATP and ADP in vitro
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