Abstract
A fast, simple, solvent less and inexpensive sample preparation method based on Head space solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-electron-capture detector (GC-ECD) is proposed for the determination of mix pesticide residues from vegetable samples. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, 100 μm) fiber was used in this study. The mix pesticides (24 nos.) including organochlorines (15), organophosphates (06) and synthetic pyrethriods (03) were analysed in the vegetable samples (Cabbage, Tomato, Cauliflower, Chilli, Okra, Brinjal, Bottle gourd, Cucumber, Beetroot, Spinach, and Radish) collected from in and around of Lucknow city, India. Present study revealed the presence of HCH, DDT, methylparathion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate pesticides. Pesticides residue levels were compared with MRL fixed by Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA), Govt. of India 1954. The method detection limits were in a linearity range of 0.003 - 0.024 mg/kg. A recovery percent varies from 86.1 to 96.4% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 14%. The outcomes of the present study point towards the crucial need of implementing strict government’s rules related to food safety in order to put check on these kinds of health hazardous food contamination.
Highlights
Vegetables are important for the maintenance of health
Application of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) was described by many researchers for the determination of pesticide residues determination in fruits or for the determination of volatile organic compounds in food commodities
The 30% (w/v) NaCl concentration was selected for extraction because peak areas of pesticides were declined when more than 30% NaCl (w/v) was added
Summary
Vegetables are important for the maintenance of health. Consumption of at least 200-300 grams of fruits and 250 grams of vegetables is recommended for all age groups. Several methodologies have been developed for sample preparation prior to the analysis of pesticides from biological, food or environmental samples[14,15]. Application of SPME was described by many researchers for the determination of pesticide residues determination in fruits or for the determination of volatile organic compounds in food commodities. SPME is the advanced micro extraction technique that is being increasingly used in the isolation and extraction of organic contaminants from environmental/food/biological samples. An easy and solventless SPME method has been developed and validated followed by GC-ECD analysis for the simultaneous determination of multi-residue pesticides (24 Nos.) from raw vegetable samples
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