Analysis of irregular antibody screening of 2 846 cases before transfusion

Abstract

Objective To analyze the detection results of irregular antibody before clinical transfusion, to reduce the occurrence of adverse blood transfusion reactions and improve the safety of clinical transfusion. Methods 2 846 patients admitted to No.174 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the subjects, including 1 438 females and 1 408 males. All patients were performed irregular antibody screening with microcolumn gel technology before transfusion, and antibody identification test was performed if the screening result was positive, then made statistics and analysis for the relevant results. Results The irregular antibodies were found in 221 cases in 2 846 cases, and the positive rate of irregular antibody screening was 7.77% (221/2 846). The positive rate of female subjects was 10.78% (155/1 438), and the positive rate of male subjects was 4.69% (66/1 408), the positive rate of female subjects was higher than that of male subjects, with statistically significant difference (χ2=36.86, P<0.001). The positive rate of the subjects with history of blood transfusion, pregnancy or trauma was 10.68% (173/1 620), while the positive rate of the subjects without history of blood transfusion, pregnancy or trauma was 3.92% (48/1 226), the positive rate of the former was higher that of the latter, with statistically significant difference (χ2=44.58, P<0.001). In age distribution, there was an upward trend in the positive rate of antibody screening with the age of all the subjects. In the 221 positive cases with irregular antibody screening, there were 168 cases of allogeneic antibodies, in which there were 83 cases of Rh blood group system (37.6%), 49 cases of MNS blood group system (22.2%), 22 cases of Lewis blood type system (10.0%); there were 53 cases of non-specific antibody, in which there was 31 cases of autoantibodies (14.0%). Conclusions The distribution of antibody in serum before the clinical transfusion is characterized by Rh system, MNS system, and Lewis system. Irregular antibody screening for transfusion patients can reduce or avoid the occurrence of transfusion reaction effectively, and improve the safety of blood transfusion. Key words: Irregular antibody; Irregular antibody screening; Transfusion safety; Transfusion