Abstract
Knowledge of rainfall extremes particularly their magnitude and frequency, as embodied in Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships and IDF curves is fundamental to many engineering problems such as design of hydraulic structures, urban drainage system, water resources projects and many others. The objective of this study is to obtain IDF relationships and curves for the Kupwara region of Kashmir valley in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Three different frequency distributions namely the Gumbel distribution, the Pearson Type III distribution and the Log-Pearson Type III distribution were fitted to the rainfall data to obtain rainfall intensities for selected return periods (2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years) and durations (0.16, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours). Regional constants in IDF relations were found using the Sherman Morrison method and results were compared based on the Chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Results obtained using all distributions showed a similar trend. However, the Pearson Type III distribution emerges to be the best fit for the rainfall data of the region. Results revealed that higher rainfall intensities have shorter durations. Maximum rainfall intensity 81.13 mm/hr as per the best fit relation occurs with a return period of 100 years for 0.16 hours duration.
Highlights
Assessment of extreme precipitation is an important problem in hydrologic risk analysis and design
The present study focuses on the development of IDF curves and IDF relationships for Kupwara region of the Kashmir valley using the Gumbel, the Pearson and the Log Pearson distributions
Rainfall data corresponding to the period from 1978 to 2004 (30 years) for Kupwara region was procured from Indian Meteorological Department Srinagar Kashmir (IMD)
Summary
Assessment of extreme precipitation is an important problem in hydrologic risk analysis and design. Knowledge of extreme events with respect to their frequency (exceedance probability) and magnitude is important towards planning for weather-related emergencies, design of engineering structures, reservoir management, etc. Evaluation of rainfall extremes has been a major focus of both theoretical and applied hydrology. A popular means of quantifying rainfall extremes or their frequency is through the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationships. IDF relationships are empirical relationships between the intensity of rainfall, duration of rainfall and the return period (inverse of the exceedance probability). IDF curves are three parameter curve in which duration of precipitation is taken as abscissa, intensity of precipitation as the ordinates and the return period or frequency as the third parameter
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