Abstract
espanolIntroduccion: El climaterio es un periodo de modificaciones en la funcion de los ovarios con alteraciones psiquicas, endocrinas y somaticas. Esa fase ha sido objeto de pocos estudios y varios tabus por muchos anos. Objetivos: Comprender la vivencia del climaterio para mujeres sin hijos. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo exploratorio con abordaje cualitativa. Han sido entrevistadas diez mujeres sin hijos, con edad entre 45 y 60 anos, atendidas en la red basica de salud. El analisis de los datos han sido fundamentados en el Analisis Tematico. Resultados: A partir del analisis han sido levantados los temas: Sentimientos por no ser madres; Motivos de la no maternidad y Maneras de compensacion. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la vivencia del climaterio por las mujeres sin hijos ha permitido reconocer y comprender los sentimientos de frustracion, impotencia por no ser madres. El abandono familiar, soledad, la estigmatizacion y la reduccion del convivio familiar son manifestaciones presentes. Mientras tanto, existen aquellas que optan por no ser madre, priorizando su autonomia, vida profesional e instinto materno. Como formas de compensacion, sustituyen la ausencia de los hijos dedicandose a los sobrinos, estudiantes y animales. EnglishIntroduction: The climacteric period is a phase of modifications in the ovarian function that presents psychic, endocrine and somatic changes. This phase has been the subject of few studies and it has been the target of several taboos for many years. Objectives: To understand the climacteric experience of women without children. Methods: Exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Ten women, without children, attended in the basic health network were interviewed. The analysis of data was based on the Thematic Analysis. Results: The following themes were developed based on the analysis: Feelings for not being mothers, Reasons for non-maternity and Forms of compensation. Conclusions: The knowledge on the climacteric experience of women without children made it possible to recognize and understand the feelings of frustration, impotence and failure for not being mothers. Family abandonment, loneliness, stigmatization, and the reduction of social interaction are present manifestations. However, there are those women that opt for non-maternity, privileging autonomy, professional life portuguesIntroducao: O climaterio e um periodo de modificacoes da funcao ovariana com alteracoes psiquicas, endocrinas e somaticas. Essa fase tem sido alvo de poucos estudos e varios tabus por muitos anos. Objetivos: Compreender a vivencia do climaterio para as mulheres sem filhos. Metodos: Estudo descritivo exploratorio com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas dez mulheres sem filhos, na faixa etaria entre 45 e 60 anos, atendidas na rede basica de saude. A analise dos dados foi fundamentada na Analise Tematica. Resultados: A partir da analise foram construidos os temas: Sentimentos por nao serem maes, Motivos da nao maternidade e Formas de compensacao. Conclusoes: O conhecimento da vivencia do climaterio pelas mulheres sem filhos permitiu reconhecer e compreender os sentimentos de frustracao, impotencia e fracasso por nao serem maes. O abandono familiar, solidao, a estigmatizacao e a diminuicao do convivio social sao manifestacoes presentes. Entretanto, existem aquelas que optam pela nao maternidade, privilegiando a autonomia, vida profissional e instinto materno. Como formas de compensacao, substituem a ausencia de filhos com dedicacao a sobrinhos, estudantes e animais.
Highlights
The climacteric period is a phase of modifications in the ovarian function that presents psychic, endocrine and somatic changes
Women's health was integrated into national policies in the early twentieth century and has been developing since the 1970s, when the Health Ministry (HM) presented the concept of women's health, focused on maternal health or on absence of damage to reproduction
In 1994, HM issued the Climacteric Period Assistance Standard, and in 1999, the Technical Area of Women's Health in this Ministry incorporated the attention to health care of women over 50 years old
Summary
The climacteric period is a phase of modifications in the ovarian function that presents psychic, endocrine and somatic changes. Loneliness, stigmatization, and the reduction of social interaction are present manifestations There are those women that opt for non-maternity, privileging autonomy, professional life and maternal instinct. Regarding perceptions and meanings attributed by these women to the impact of the climacteric period on daily activities and occupational roles, it is observed that social prejudice and lack of knowledge about the changes that occur in this phase constitute an obstacle to the performance of several activities, affecting the necessary care with health and impairing their quality of life. It is pointed the importance of understanding the changes, perceptions and meanings of the climacteric period by women and health professionals for the integral care and appreciation of their individuality (Cardoso & Camargo, 2015). This study is aimed understanding the climacteric experience for women without children
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