Abstract
In this paper, a compact planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna and an antenna array setup for microwave breast imaging are presented. The proposed antenna is constructed with a slotted semicircular-shaped patch and partial trapezoidal ground. It is compact in dimension: 0.30λ × 0.31λ × 0.011λ, where λ is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. For design purposes, several parameters are assumed and optimized to achieve better performance. The prototype is applied in the breast imaging scheme over the UWB frequency range 3.10–10.60 GHz. However, the antenna achieves an operating bandwidth of 8.70 GHz (2.30–11.00 GHz) for the reflection coefficient under–10 dB with decent impedance matching, 5.80 dBi of maximum gain with steady radiation pattern. The antenna provides a fidelity factor (FF) of 82% and 81% for face-to-face and side-by-side setups, respectively, which specifies the directionality and minor variation of the received pulses. The antenna is fabricated and measured to evaluate the antenna characteristics. A 16-antenna array-based configuration is considered to measure the backscattering signal of the breast phantom where one antenna acts as transmitter, and 15 of them receive the scattered signals. The data is taken in both the configuration of the phantom with and without the tumor inside. Later, the Iteratively Corrected Delay and Sum (IC–DAS) image reconstructed algorithm was used to identify the tumor in the breast phantom. Finally, the reconstructed images from the analysis and processing of the backscattering signal by the algorithm are illustrated to verify the imaging performance.
Highlights
Introduction25% of new cases of breast cancer are identified [1]
Breast cancer is stated to be a foremost reason for women’s death
The standard technologies in medical imaging such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound, and X-ray mammography are usually used for detecting cancerous breast cells or tumors [4,5]
Summary
25% of new cases of breast cancer are identified [1]. Breast cancer begins by owing to the existence of malignant cells in the breast tissues. This disease is considered a major women’s health problem worldwide [2], and a reliable early stage diagnosis is seen as the key aspect in treating it. If it is possible to detect breast cancer in early stages by using a reliable technique, the treatment may attain a survival percentage of up to 97% [3]. The standard technologies in medical imaging such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound, and X-ray mammography are usually used for detecting cancerous breast cells or tumors [4,5]. The main advantages of CT scanning are (1) suitable for identifying acute and chronic changes to Materials 2020, 13, 4918; doi:10.3390/ma13214918 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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