Abstract
In this paper we present different FDTD techniques which we have developed for solving large electromagnetic structures. The first technique is the M3d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> which is a low dispersion FDTD technique. In this scheme the higher order FDTD updating equations is modified and derived as applications of a version of Ampere's law and Faraday's law using central 2nd order in time and 4th order in space. The second technique is the FDTD hybrid "M3d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> -Yee" with subgridding. This scheme is based on applying the conventional FDTD in the vicinity of the structure using a high resolution grid and the M3d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> method in the rest of the domain using low resolution grid. The third technique is domain decomposition FDTD (DDFDTD) which is based on dividing the 1structure into relatively small sub-regions and applying the FDTD in a serial manner. The fourth technique is the serial parallel FDTD which is based on applying the DDFDTD and the parallel FDTD using MPI functions along two orthogonal directions
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