Abstract
This chapter discusses the software architecture of the controller. The software systems can be broadly classified as nonreal-time and real-time. Real-time systems take certain actions that follow the clock or work according to the time-of-day. The general-purpose system is a nonreal-time system. Within this type of system, there are no deadlines for the response to an event. In a real-time system, there is a deadline for the response to an event. Further, the real-time systems can be soft or hard. The real-time systems can be soft or hard. In soft real-time systems, not meeting the deadline can have undesirable effects, but they do not lead to dangerous situations since the response will eventually happen sometime later. On the contrary, in hard real-time systems, not meeting a deadline can lead to dangerous effects. The general software structure of the controller consists of hardware platform, real-time operating system (RTOS), utility software, and application software. The controller employs the RTOS and works with real-time task scheduling for the execution of automation tasks.
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