Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is the major mineral component of vertebrate teeth and bones because of which it has been investigated extensively for various biomedical applications. Over the past decade, investigations have been made to determine the effect of various cationic and anionic substitutions on the crystal structure of hydroxyapatite as its structure is conducive to various substitutions at ionic level. Fluoride is an important constituent in the human diet and is considered essential for the teeth and bone development. Substitution of fluoride ion in hydroxyapatite exhibited improved biological and dissolution properties. In this chapter, we summarize the available information on the structure, properties (chemical, biological, physical), preparation methods, and biomedical applications of fluorohydroxyapatite (with varying level of fluoride ion substitution) and fluorapatite. This chapter also focuses on the key effects of fluorapatite nanoparticles incorporation in dental restorations, development of fluorapatite cement, and fluoridated hydroxyapatite-coated implants.
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