Abstract
Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of plant-colonizing microorganisms that can be easily isolated from either microbial or plant growth medium. They function as reservoirs for novel secondary bioactive metabolites, like alkaloids, quinones, phenolic acids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, which are viable sources for antimicrobial, antiinsect, anticancer, and many other properties. Bioactive compounds have been in high demand in pharmaceuticals and naturopathy in recent times due to their various health benefits to humans and plants. Recent research activities have targeted the bioprospecting of secondary metabolites of microorganism, with a strong focus on the search for antimicrobial natural products obtained from endophytes. Endophytic actinomycetes serve as a potential resource of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Endophytic Streptomyces sp. produced certain novel antibiotics that are effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The antimicrobial agents generated by endophytes are environmentally friendly, toxic to pathogens, and do not affect humans. The wide diversity of endophytes and their adaptation to diverse environmental stresses tend to be an unexplored source of new secondary metabolites. This chapter discusses about the isolation and synthesis of Endophytic bacteria and their bioactive compounds and aims to explain the contribution and application of endophytes as an imminent source of drugs against different types of disease and other promising therapeutic uses.
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