6 - New hydraulic binder and binder based material with burning pulverised coal ash, household waste, Mediterranean soil, and calcined clay waste

Abstract

The objective of the chapter is to evaluate potential in the burning of waste materials such as household waste, coal ash waste (pulverized fuel ash and pulverized bottom ash), Mediterranean soils, and calcined clay, which are currently not contributing very much in the living conditions of people. The aim is to assess potential manufacture of new forms of cement in the coming decades and to compare the properties of the new cement with those of Portland cement. Tested properties of new cement burnt with the various wastes include chemical analyses, physical characteristics, and X-ray diffraction analysis according to the methods of ASTM C-114, ASTM C 191-04, ASTM C 191-08, and ASTM C 187-04 and literature review. The new cement’s chemical compound results comply with the limits in ASTM C–114, and the physical characteristics of mortars are summarized; the solid weight density is 1200kg/m3, which is lighter than the Portland cement one, which is 1250kg/m3; the fresh weight density is between 2081 and 2525kg/m³; and the dry weight density is between 2032 and 2405kg/m³. The new cement’s initial setting time and final setting time and normal consistency values comply with the limits specified by ASTM C 191-04, ASTM C 191-08, and ASTM C 187-04. The fineness of new cement points that its grain of 56% passes under a 200 mesh sieve, and thus its grain is finer than the Portland cement grain size, where only 52% passed. In regard to the measured characteristics, it is concluded that new composite cement can be used in construction industry.