Abstract
This chapter discusses the reasons for medical examinations, their value, and alternative methods by which they can be performed. Routine medical examinations are undertaken on a large scale by occupational health services throughout the world. There are many reasons for this. Preliminary medical examinations are required by law for employment or by more general terms of employment; others are voluntary. Periodic examinations are practiced extensively in some occupational health services and scarcely at all in others. These exams are either not required or there is no time to do them. It is important to have available all relevant staff records such as the application for employment, the record of absence due to sickness, and other personnel records whenever a medical examination is to be undertaken, except when dealing with an acute illness.
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