Abstract
This chapter presents several classical models for describing the behavior of engineering materials. Each model is given in a strain-driven form in which a strain or strain increment obtained from each finite element solution step is used to compute the stress needed to evaluate the internal force as well as a tangent modulus matrix, or its approximation, for use in constructing the tangent stiffness matrix. In the study of small deformation and inelastic materials, the strain or the stress is assumed to split into an additive sum of parts. This chapter discusses the problems of viscoelasticity, plasticity, and general creep in quite general form. By using these general types, it is possible to present numerical solutions that accurately predict many physical phenomena. This chapter begins with viscoelasticity, followed by a description of plasticity models in which time does not explicitly arise and the problems are time independent.
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