Abstract
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are one of the most popular sensing techniques, as they can be inscribed in single or multiple elements on optical fibers using commercially available methods, and they can be fabricated in array or sensing network formats. By suitable modifications of the fiber hosting the FBG, or by inscribing specific FBG patterns, we can introduce a sensitivity of the grating elements to the surrounding refractive index, making it suitable to design biosensors. In this chapter, we describe first the theory of FBG sensors, and the main sensing configurations that allow to transform an FBG into a refractive index sensor: etched FBG, tilted FBG, long-period grating. In addition, we provide an overview on the latest findings on FBG biosensors, and on inscription of FBGs into optical fibers.
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