3 - Genetic Engineering Approaches for Trait Development in Brassica Oilseed Species

Abstract

This chapter discusses genetic engineering of Brassica Oilseed Species (BOS) in terms of categories of traits that were introduced into these crops. It also addresses mutagenesis approaches to trait development in BOS and examines strategies to limit out-crossing and eliminate selectable marker genes. The chapter ends with a discussion of how “omics” technologies are used to improve BOS. New opportunities for improving Brassica oilseed species and using BOS to produce value-added substances are coming about through genetic engineering. Plant biotechnology is defined as the use of genetic engineering and cell/ tissue culture technology to improve plants and crops for the benefit of humankind. Recombinant DNA technology was first developed in the 1970s and by the next decade was applied to the genetic engineering of higher plants. The introduction of foreign DNA (transgene) into BOS and many other plant species is routinely carried out using agrobacterium-mediated transformation. This method is based on the unique ability of agrobacterium to introduce the transgene into plants. The application of double haploid technology has accelerated the breeding process. In addition, many tools that have been developed through molecular biology (e.g., marker-assisted selection) are incorporated into breeding programs.