Abstract
The sternoclavicular (SC) joint is a diarthrodial joint and is the only true articulation between the upper extremity and axial skeleton. The SC joint is freely movable and functions almost like a ball-and-socket joint in that the joint has motion in all planes, including rotation. Because the SC joint is so small and incongruous, one would believe that it would be the most commonly dislocated joint in the body. However, the ligamentous supporting structure is extremely strong and has evolved in such a manner that it is one of the least commonly dislocated joints in the body. Surgeons planning an operative procedure on or near the SC joint should be knowledgeable regarding the vast array of anatomic structures immediately posterior to the SC joint. When operating in the region of the SC joint, it is critical to realize that an avascular plane (i.e., “safe zone”) exists anterior to the fascial layer and muscle bellies of the strap muscles to avoid iatrogenic injury of the vital mediastinal structures posterior to the sternoclavicular joint.
Published Version
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