1920-е годы. Образование Союза ССР: конститутивность политики межэтнических отношений в новом формате

Abstract

The date of the 100th anniversary of the formation of the USSR makes it possible to refer to such a comprehensive publication of documents as "Top Secret": Lubyanka to Stalin on the situation in the country (1922 1934). In In 10 volumes. M., 2001 2017), belonging to the United State Political Administration (OGPU). The legal status of this structure was enshrined in Articles 61 63 of the Constitution of the USSR, adopted in January 1924. Supervision over the observance of the rule of law and the activities of the OGPU was entrusted to the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court. In 2019, at a meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, dedicated to "Fundamental problems of the development of modern Russian society," Academician A. Smirnov, referring to the topic of self-awareness, posed the question to the assembled participants: "Why does Russia exist on the world map?" What makes us "us", i.e. a community, and not just a collection of individuals?" And then he stated: "There is a reshaping of the cultural and civilizational map of the world." On the eve of the 100th anniversary of the formation of the largest civilizational state phenomenon the USSR, taking into account the formed rich source base, an appeal to the topic has a deep historical meaning. Moreover, an event on a planetary scale helps to clarify the current problems of the "actual past". Any event associated with the creation of a state, including the USSR in 1922, retains a certain secret, arouses a keen interest in its origins, the first steps in the political, economic and cultural spheres of the state. New state education - new social technologies, joining the efforts of the multinational community in the conditions of the just ended Civil War (1922). At its core, this is a truly unique phenomenon. Undoubtedly, a significant event in the life of the formed state was the adoption of the "Declaration on the formation of the USSR" (1922), which outlined the essence of the national state policy, its true goals. The Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR in January 1924 adopted the basic Law of the USSR the Constitution of the USSR, which set out the principles of arranging the new state education, its multivariate nature. The adoption of the Constitution marked the beginning of the path of recognition of the USSR.