Abstract
The demand for land for bio-based products also the cultivation of nonfood biomass crops for biofuels and bioenergy is increasingly contributing to the pressure and competition on direct and indirect land use changes, environmental impacts, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Various researchers have published on the environmental, biophysical, economic, agronomic, social, and political constraints on successful biofuel second generation (2G) implementation on the energetic matrix in the last few decades. However, according to the circular economy and the Sustainable Development Goals, the balance of the economic, social, and ecological dimensions for 2G biofuels production must take place in the fight against poverty and sustainability to answer the following constraints: environmental impacts related to the cultivation and use of perennial crops on marginal land and usage of agroindustrial lignocellulosic biomass and waste, optimization of processes in biorefineries and innovative public policies with stakeholders participation. This chapter aims to describe the innovative development of biofuels from biomass as the most attractive option from the point of view of energy security, rural development, and mitigation of GHGs in transport and the experience with the development of public policies and mandates.
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