Abstract
Acute poisonings with antimicrobials are rare and usually mild, in comparison to their side effects. Ethambutol overdoses often involve combination with other antituberculosis agents such as isoniazid or rifampin. Its acute overdose has been reported to be associated with mental confusion, visual hallucinations, nausea, and abdominal pain. Since no specific antidote is available, treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Gastric emptying by either emesis or gastric lavage is only indicated in substantial recent ingestions. The most striking phenomenon induced by rifampin overdose is the ”Red-Orange Person Syndrome,” which is characterized by discoloration of the skin, urine, feces, sclera, and sweat. Gastric emptying by either emesis or lavage is indicated after massive rifampin overdose. Due to the enterohepatic circulation of rifampin, repeated charcoal administration may be beneficial in enhancing the total body clearance of the drug. Gastric emptying by either emesis or lavage is also indicated after massive overdose with penicillins.
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