Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a continuous, completely closed network of endothelial tubes. The general purpose of the cardiovascular system is the perfusion of capillary beds permeating all organs with fresh blood over a narrow range of hydrostatic pressures. Local functional demands determine the structural nature of the wall surrounding the endothelial tubes. The heart is the main driver of the circulatory system. It functions as a pump. The architecture of the urinary and respiratory systems is based on the organization of the vasculature. Pathologic conditions of the cardiovascular system have a major impact on the normal function of the kidneys and lungs. In this chapter, the structural features of the heart, blood and lymphatic vessels are described and integrated with key pathologic conditions, including edema, vasculitis, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism and infarction.
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