Abstract
The integral or unitary body structure of a car can be considered to be made in the form of three box compartments. These include (1) the middle and largest compartment stretching between the front and rear road wheel axles providing the passenger space, (2) the extended front box built over and ahead of the front road wheels enclosing the engine and transmission units, (3) and the rear box behind the back axle providing boot space for luggage. These box compartments are constructed in the form of a framework of ties (tensile) and struts (compressive), pieces made from rolled sheet steel pressed into various shapes, such as rectangular, triangular, trapezium, top-hat, or a combination of these to form closed box thin gauge sections. These sections are designed to resist direct tensile and compressive or bending and torsional loads, depending upon the positioning of the members within the structure. Most modern car bodies are designed to obtain their rigidity mainly from the platform chassis and to rely less on the upper framework of window and door pillars, quarter panels, windscreen rails, and contrails that are becoming progressively slender as the desire for better visibility is encouraged.
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