СОЦІАЛЬНІ, ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ТА ПОЛІТИЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ У ФІНЛЯНДСЬКІЙ РЕСПУБЛІЦІ (1990–2010-І РР.)

Abstract

The article highlights the social, economic and political conditions of reforming school education in the Republic of Finland, which had an impact on defining new paths of development. The arguments of the historical past of school education are studied, where the main ones are socio-historical processes that took place within the specified chronological boundaries, namely the development of effective education in an independent state. The state of research of the problem in theory is analyzed. The main aspects of the development of Finnish school education in the scientific research of modern Ukrainian and foreign researchers are revealed. The interpretation of the conceptual apparatus in the philosophical and pedagogical context is given, in particular, such definitions as condition, precondition, reform are presented, which is presented through the prism of various aspects. The problems of modernization and development of school education, which are inherent in the Republic of Finland today, are highlighted. Changes in the social, socio-economic and political nature that led to the reform of school education in the 1990s and 2010 are analyzed. It is noted that the main impetus for change was to overcome inequality, education for all segments of the population. It was found that the social preconditions were related to the fact that education was considered in line with social concepts of progress towards equality and the realization of personal capabilities of each; the transition from agrarian to industrial society and the Scandinavian welfare state; internal migration of the population from rural areas to industrial areas; rapid shift in the social sphere of the country. The economic preconditions were characterized by the industrialization of the Finnish economy, standardization in education and competitiveness. The political preconditions for reforming school education in the Republic of Finland were state regulation of the development of the education system, legislation in the context of globalization and decentralization of education.